Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a chemical imbalance that occurs when the body does not have enough insulin to allow glucose (sugar) to enter the muscle cells to be used for energy. DKA can happen during an illness. When the body lacks insulin and cannot use glucose for energy, it may start to burn fat.

Burning fat can create a buildup of acids in the urine and blood called ketones. Ketones are a sign that the blood glucose level may be very high. Ketones can lead to DKA, a dangerous condition that can result in serious illness and even death.

People with type 1 diabetes have the greatest risk for developing ketones, though some people with type 2 diabetes also may develop ketones.

Ketoacidosis may occur if:

• there is not enough insulin in the body to let glucose into the cells
• the body does not have enough carbohydrates to use for energy
• a person is ill, has an infection or has surgery

When you are sick, you may develop ketones even if your blood glucose is not high. Be sure to contact your health care provider if you have moderate to large ketones in your urine.

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