Causes

Most nosebleeds are associated with colds, allergies, or minor injury to the nose. Other causes include violent sneezing, blowing the nose too forcefully, or a foreign object in the nose. Nosebleeds are a common side effect of isotretinoin (Accutane), a medication for acne.

Prevention

• Avoid picking your nose or blowing it vigorously.
• Use a humidifier to increase humidity in your home during the winter.
• Limit use of aspirin, NSAIDs, or medicated nasal sprays to short term only, unless prescribed by your doctor.
• Gently apply a thin layer of bacitracin or petroleum jelly into nose one to two times a day to relieve dryness and irritation. Using a cotton swab to apply, insert into nose ½ to 1 inch and cover the entire circle of the nasal opening.
• Put two to three drops of warm saltwater in each nostril before gently blowing a stuffy nose. Use an over-the-counter brand such as Ocean or Salinex or make a homemade solution by dissolving ¼ teaspoon salt in 1 cup of water.

Self-Care

If you have a nosebleed, follow these steps:

• Gently blow nose once to remove large clots that may interfere with applying pressure.
• Apply continuous pressure to nose for 15 minutes without checking. Pinch the nostrils below the bony part of the nose and press firmly toward the face.
• Sit up with head bent forward slightly and breathe through the mouth.
• Do not swallow blood. Spit it out through your mouth.
• Apply ice over the middle of your face to constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding.
• Don’t talk, which may trigger gagging and induce vomiting.
• Sit quietly for 15 to 30 minutes. Do not blow your nose or attempt to clean or put anything in your nostrils.
• Elevate your head when resting or sleeping for the next few days.
• Discontinue use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 3 days unless prescribed.
• Avoid drinking alcohol and straining, bending, or lifting for the next few days.

How To Perform Nasal Irrigation

• Make a saline solution: Place ¼ teaspoon table salt in a small bowl. Add 1 cup lukewarm water, and stir until salt is dissolved. Make a new solution every day.
• Fill a 2-ounce rubber-bulb ear syringe (purchased at a drugstore) with saline solution.
• Insert tip of syringe 1 inch up nostril, then lift bulb upward so the tip is pointing straight (horizontal) into the nose. Hold in position and bend over a sink. Open your mouth and squeeze with enough force that solution comes out of your mouth and both nostrils. Use ½ cup of the solution for each nostril.
• Very gently blow your nose.
• Clean bowl and syringe after each use.