Causes

Many substances or combinations of substances can produce fumes that can be especially toxic in a closed area, such as carbon monoxide. Different poisons affect body functions differently. Some interfere with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. Others burn and irritate the digestive tract and respiratory system. If someone suddenly becomes ill for no apparent reason, acts strangely, or is found near a toxic substance, you should suspect poisoning.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of poisoning can vary widely, depending on the type of poison involved, the size and general health of the person, and how much time has elapsed. Symptoms can also take time to develop. Do not wait for them to become obvious. Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect poisoning has occurred. Poisoning symptoms include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Loss of appetite
• Headache or irritability
• Dizziness, weakness, or drowsiness
• Pain in swallowing or increased saliva
• Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or nausea
• Skin rash or chemical burns around the nose or mouth
• Seizures, stupor, or unconsciousness
• Double vision or blurred vision
• Muscle twitching

First Aid

Poisoning is a life-threatening situation. If you suspect poisoning, even if there are no symptoms, call a poison control center, 911, hospital emergency room, or your doctor immediately.

When poison has been swallowed, be prepared to provide the following
information:

• Information from the label of the substance container
• The person’s age
• Name of the poison and how much was swallowed
• When the poison was swallowed
• Whether or not the person has vomited
• How long it will take to get the person to a hospital

If the person is unconscious, keep the airway open. Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so. If you have been told to induce vomiting, use syrup of ipecac, if available. Follow the directions on the label, and do not attempt to give it to a person who is not alert enough to swallow it. Save a sample of vomit and the poison container for analysis. Do not induce vomiting if you are unsure what poison is involved.

First Aid for an Inhaled Poison

If poisonous fumes are suspected, take the following steps:

• Call 911. Ventilate the area before attempting to rescue the person.
• Remove the person from the area before starting treatment. Take a few deep breaths of fresh air, then hold your breath before entering the area. Drag or pull the person to fresh air. If possible, quickly shut off any open source of fumes. Do not flip a switch or light a match; either action could produce a spark or flame and cause an explosion.
• Check breathing and pulse. If the person is not breathing, begin CPR, if you have been trained. If the person is conscious and breathing, cover him or her with a blanket and check on breathing until help arrives.