Phases of labor
Labor occurs in three distinct phases: early, active and transition. Following are descriptions of each phase and suggestions for actions you can take.
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Phase of labor
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What you can do
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| Early labor. In early labor contractions begin and become regular. They get stronger, last longer and move closer over time. Contractions may be five minutes to 15 minutes apart and last anywhere from 30 seconds to 45 seconds. The cervix will dilate to four centimeters, and most effacement occurs during this phase. On average, early labor may last from six hours to 12 hours for first-time moms. |
Keep your mind occupied and rest periodically. Finish packing your labor bag. Drink plenty of fluids to stay well hydrated and eat a small snack if hungry. Choose light foods that are satisfying and easy to digest. When you no longer can walk or talk through contractions without having to pause, begin using slow relaxation breathing.
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| Active labor. During active labor, the cervix dilates from four centimeters to seven centimeters. Contractions get stronger and the firmness of your abdomen moves from moderate to hard. Contractions come as often as five minutes apart and increase to two minutes apart. They can last from 45 seconds to 60 seconds. Your water may break. If the baby’s head presses down on your backbone, your back may begin to hurt. This is called "back labor." Active labor may last from two hours to five hours. |
If you have not already called your provider about coming to the hospital, do so now. Use comfort measures, and breathing and relaxation techniques. Listen to your body as it establishes its own coping methods.
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| Transition labor. In transition labor, contractions peak quickly and are as hard as they are going to get. They last 60 seconds to 90 seconds. You may have trembling legs, nausea or vomiting. Things that felt good before may not feel as good now. You may be tired and have difficulty focusing, coping and making decisions. You may feel increased pressure and the urge to push as the baby moves down the birth canal. |
Relax as best you can between contractions. Change your coping method as you feel it is necessary. Turn to the father or your partner for support. Tell your care provider if you have the urge to push, so a cervical check can be done to ensure that pushing is safe.
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